Preface

Reproducibility—the ability to recompute results—and replicability—the chances other experimenters will achieve a consistent result—are two foundational characteristics of successful scientific research (Leek and Peng 2015).

This volume is written in Markdown, and includes all analysis code employed in the study, providing a means for others to reproduce (exactly) those results discussed and expounded upon in the following chapters. The replicable nature of this undertaking provides a means for others to critically assess and evaluate the various analytical components of this study (Gray and Marwick 2019; Peng 2011; Gandrud 2014), which is a necessary requirement for the production of reliable knowledge. Typology is the topic of this particular undertaking, and typological assignments provide the requisite foundation for many of the assumptions, inferences, and interpretations that archaeologists regularly make. Diagnostic types—whether functional, decorative, morphological, or chronological (O’Brien and Lyman 1999)—are of considerable import in formulating archaeological interpretations.

This exploratory study assesses whether Perdiz arrow points differ in shape by 1) time as a means of identifying whether abrupt or gradual shape changes occur in Perdiz arrow points through the Middle, Late, and Historic Caddo periods, 2) raw material as a means of identifying whether Perdiz arrow point shape differs if produced using chert, quartzite, or silicified wood, and 3) burial context as a potential means of exploring design intent.

0.1 Primary findings

  • Perdiz arrow point shape differs by time
  • Perdiz arrow point shape differs by raw material
  • Perdiz arrow point shape differs by burial context

0.2 Acknowledgments

We express our gratitude to the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and the Anthropology and Archaeology Laboratory at Stephen F. Austin State University for the requisite permissions and access to the NAGPRA items from the Washington Square Mound site and Turner collection. Thanks to Dan McGregor for information on Pisgah Ridge chert, and to Christian S. Hoggard, David K. Thulman, Michael J. O’Brien, and Scott W. Hammerstedt, as well as the editors and reviewers for their comments and constructive criticisms that further improved the manuscript.

0.3 Funding

Components of the analytical workflow were developed and funded by a Preservation Technology and Training grant (P14AP00138) to RZS from the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training, as well as grants to RZS from the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, National Forests and Grasslands in Texas (15-PA-11081300-033) and the United States Forest Service (20-PA-11081300-074).

0.4 Data management

The analysis code associated with this project can be accessed through this document or the GitHub repository, which is digitally curated on the Open Science Framework DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DEJ74.

0.5 Colophon

This version of the analysis was generated on 2021-03-04 06:06:24 using the following computational environment and dependencies:

# what R packages and versions were used?
if ("devtools" %in% installed.packages()) devtools::session_info()
## - Session info ------------------------------------------------
##  setting  value                       
##  version  R version 4.0.4 (2021-02-15)
##  os       Windows 10 x64              
##  system   x86_64, mingw32             
##  ui       RStudio                     
##  language (EN)                        
##  collate  English_United States.1252  
##  ctype    English_United States.1252  
##  tz       America/Chicago             
##  date     2021-03-04                  
## 
## - Packages ----------------------------------------------------
##  package     * version date       lib source        
##  assertthat    0.2.1   2019-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
##  bookdown      0.21    2020-10-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  bslib         0.2.4   2021-01-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  cachem        1.0.3   2021-02-04 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  callr         3.5.1   2020-10-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  cli           2.3.1   2021-02-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.4)
##  crayon        1.4.1   2021-02-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  desc          1.2.0   2018-05-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
##  devtools      2.3.2   2020-09-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
##  digest        0.6.27  2020-10-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  ellipsis      0.3.1   2020-05-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
##  evaluate      0.14    2019-05-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
##  fastmap       1.1.0   2021-01-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
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##  git2r         0.28.0  2021-01-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  glue          1.4.2   2020-08-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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##  htmltools     0.5.1.1 2021-01-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  jquerylib     0.1.3   2020-12-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  jsonlite      1.7.2   2020-12-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  knitr         1.31    2021-01-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  lifecycle     1.0.0   2021-02-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.4)
##  magrittr      2.0.1   2020-11-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
##  memoise       2.0.0   2021-01-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
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##  pkgload       1.2.0   2021-02-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.4)
##  prettyunits   1.1.1   2020-01-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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##  remotes       2.2.0   2020-07-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
##  rlang         0.4.10  2020-12-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.3)
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## 
## [1] C:/Users/seldenjrz/Documents/R/win-library/4.0
## [2] C:/Program Files/R/R-4.0.4/library

Current Git commit details are:

# where can I find this commit? 
if ("git2r" %in% installed.packages() & git2r::in_repository(path = ".")) git2r::repository(here::here())  
## Local:    master D:/github/perdiz
## Remote:   master @ origin (https://github.com/aksel-blaise/perdiz)
## Head:     [8024c8e] 2021-03-04: <red.2>